Jilin province is located in the heartland of Northeast China and it's situated at the geographical center of Northeast Asia. It spans between 121°38' to 131°19' east longitude and 40°50' to 46°19' north latitude. The terrain slopes from southeast to northwest, with higher elevation in the southeast and lower elevation in the northwest. 

It's divided into two major landforms: the eastern mountains and the central-western plains, with the central Dahei Mountain range acting as a boundary. Major mountain ranges in Jilin include Dahei Mountain, the Zhangguangcai range, as well as the Jilin Hadaling, Laoling and Mudanling ranges. 

The main plains include the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain. The highest point in the province is the Baiyun Peak of the Changbai Mountains, with an elevation of 2,691 meters. 

Jilin is rich in rivers, with five major river systems: the Tumen River system, Yalu River system, Liao River system, Suifen River system and the Songhua River system.